Suuqa Weyn ee Harooyinka, Khudaarta & Suuqa Beerta EXPO waxay ahayd mid aad loo daweynayo sanadkan.
Waxaan dareemay tamarta hareerahayga iyo gudahayga - sannad ama laba sano ka dib shirar la'aan ma aanan ogeyn inta aan u xiisay la joogitaanka beeralayda iyo xirfadlayaasha kale. Waxaa hubaal ah inay dareentay wanaag.
Dan Brainard oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Horticulture ee Jaamacadda Michigan ayaa isu keenay qaar ka mid ah gobolkayaga ugu wanaagsan uguna wanagsan si looga hadlo xakameynta haramaha, sixirka farsamada waxaan sidoo kale ka maqalnay khabiir jooga California. Maqaalkan waxaan ku sharxi doonaa noocyada aasaasiga ah ee haramaha robotka, tusaalayaasha waxa ay awood u leeyihiin iyo sida loogu isticmaalo ganacsi ahaan California.
Steve Fennimore oo ka socda Jaamacadda California, Davis wuxuu la shaqeeyaa beeraleyda kuwaas oo isticmaala robots-ka jarista khudaarta. Ugu horrayn waxa uu dhawr farqi u dhexeeyay noocyada kala duwan ee haramaha-robotiga. Midka koowaad, oo leh heerka ugu hooseeya ee kakanaanta, waa dhufasho-kaamirooyinka hagaya (sawirka 1). Kuwan waxaa lagu jiiday cagaf gadaasheeda iyadoo la raacayo dhufeysyada saddexda-dhibcood ah iyo aaladda waxaa loo dhaqaajiyaa bidix iyo midig (oo u dhiganta jihada safarka) dhululubada haydarooliga. Dhaqdhaqaaqa waxaa xakameynaya kamaradaha "arka" dalagga, iyaga oo ku ilaalinaya qalabyada ku salaysan safka dalagga. Weeders-ka kamaraduhu hagayaan waxay kaliya ku hayaan agabka jaridda jarista ee soo jireenka ah inay udub dhexaad u yihiin safka.
Marka xigta, oo leh heer dhexdhexaad ah oo kakanaanta, ayaa cagaf-cagaf-ku-xiran yihiin cawska robotiga oo isku xigta (sawirka 2, sawirka sare). Kuwan ayaa sidoo kale lagu jiiday cagaf-cagafyada saddexda-dhibcood, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma isticmaalaan qalabyada jarista dhaqameed, halkii, waxaa jira kamarad saf kasta oo kamaraduhu waxay hagayaan qayb bir ah oo dhex socota dhirta shakhsi ahaaneed. Cagaf-cagaf-cagaf-ku-jiidashada-robotiga-ku-xiran waxay u baahan yihiin qof kaxeeya cagaf-cagafeedka ama inuu xakameeyo.
Nooca ugu dambeeya ee Robot-ka jarista, oo leh heerka ugu adag ee kakanaanta, waa weeders robotic iskood u shaqeysta (sawirka 3). Mashiinnadani uma baahna cagaf ama hawl-wadeen oo marka khariidadda goobta la geliyo waxay iskood u dhex maraan garoonka saacado, maalin iyo habeenba. Hadda mashiinnada goynta robotiga ee iskood isu xilqaamay waxay qaadi karaan agabka goynta dhaqameed ee (xaaqida, far-cawlaha, iwm.) ee ma aha daab-kaamirooyinka gacanta ku haya ee ka dhex daadiya geed kasta.
Fennimore wuxuu sameeyay tijaabooyin badan, wuxuuna la wadaagay xogtiisa ku saabsan wakhtiga loo baahan yahay qalab kasta. Koritaanka hektar salaar ah ayaa ku kacaysa $439 halkii acre ee cawska. Wadarta wakhtigan jarista, jarista gacantu waxay u baahan tahay 68%, 9% waa beerista cagafyada, 22% waa isticmaalka dhirta. Goynta gacantu waa kharashka ugu weyn ee xakamaynta haramaha.
Fennimore waxa uu aqoonsaday saddex robotik haramaha oo kala duwan oo lagu isticmaalo California. Stout-ka (sawirka 2) waa cagaf-ku-jiid-ku-jiidh-roboleedka-weerayaasha. Titan (sawirka 4) sidoo kale waa cagaf-cagaf-ku-jiid-ku-jiidh-robotik-weer-ku-yaalla laakiin waxay la socotaa cagaf-cagafteeda, Dino-kuna waa warshad-qoyseedka-robotiga oo iskeed u madaxbannaan oo leh qalab dhaqameed (sawirka 3). Fennimore wuxuu wadaagay natiijooyinka tijaabooyinka ay dhammeeyeen isaga iyo Richard Smith oo muujinaya waxa saddexdan mishiin ay qaban karaan.
Waxqabadka mishiinadu waxa uu ahaa mid isbedbeddelaya (sida beerashada oo kale). Tusaale ahaan hal tijaabo oo goob ganacsi ah mishiinka Titan waxa uu ka saaray 69% cawskii isku xigay waxana uu yareeyay wakhtiga jarista gacanta ilaa kala badh (marka loo eego beerista dhaqameed ee inta u dhaxaysa), laakiin tijaabo kale waxa ay meesha ka saartay 31% oo kaliya haramaha oo isku xigta oo hoos u dhacay wakhtiga jaridda gacmaha ilaa 10%.
Tijaabo kale oo cilmi baaris ah, beerista cagaf-cagafyada ayaa ka saaray 66% haramaha sariiraha sare iyo Titan-ka ayaa ka saaray 91%. Tijaabadan Titan-ku waxa ay yaraysay jarista gacan-goynta ilaa kala badh marka la barbar dhigo beerista cagafyada. Tijaabo ganacsi oo kale Stout waxay ka saartay 98% haramaha isku xiga waxayna yaraysay wakhtiga jaridda gacmaha qiyaastii kala badh marka loo eego beerista cagafyada safka ah (inkasta oo baas kale ay hoos u dhigtay haramaha 52% - mar labaad, natiijadu waa doorsoomayaal). Dino waxaa lagu rakibay caws-cawska faraha, waxayna meesha ka saartay 61% haramaha marka la barbar dhigo beerista cagaf-cagafyada oo meesha ka saaray 41% haramaha.
Fennimore waxa uu la dhacay awoodda mishiinnadan si ay si sax ah uga shaqeeyaan beeraha leh cufnaanta cawska sare. Bishii Luulyo, waxaa jiray beer salaar ah oo ay buux dhaafiyeen purslane (sawirka 5). Waxa uu u maleeyay in ay ku qasban yihiin in ay joojiyaan tijaabada sababtoo ah kombuyuutarku ma kala saari karo farqiga u dhexeeya dhirta salaar iyo haramaha, laakiin shirkadda Stout ayaa qiyaastay inay samayn karto. Beerista cagaf-cagafeedka caadiga ah si wax ku ool ah kama saarin haramaha safka ku jira, laakiin Stout-ka ayaa ka saaray 76% haramaha isku xiga. Cufnaanta cawska sare waxay qaadatay wakhti dheer si ay uga gudubto beerta - beerashada cagaf-cagafyada caadiga ah waxay u baahan tahay 78 saacadood halkii acre halka Stout uu u baahan yahay 30 saacadood halkii acre. In kasta oo guud ahaan, beeralayda agagaarka Steve ay ogaadeen in cagaf cagaf-ku-jiidashada geedaha robotka ah ay ku beeri karaan beer 10-acre ah 8-10 saacadood gudahood.
Fennimore ayaa sheegay in sida khabiirka Extension uu daneeyo kharashka wax soo saarka; xitaa haddii kuwan haramaha ah ee robotka ah ay u shaqeeyaan yaabab, haddii ay kordhiyaan kharashka wax soo saarka si aad ah, uma roona kuwa beera.
Waxa uu soo xigtay daraasad lagu barbar dhigayo kharashyada cawska robotiga ah si ay gacanta ugu dhigaan jarista salaar (Tourte et al., dib u eegis). Waxay qiyaaseen inay ku kacayso celcelis ahaan $161 halkii acre ee salaar haramaha ah. Dabadeed waxay qiyaaseen kharashyada saddex nooc oo kala duwan oo cagaf-cagaf-ku-saaran oo isku-xiran geed-cawseedka robotka- waxay ku kala duwanaayeen $166-$204 halkii acre (oo ay ku jiraan cagaf, hawlwadeen, kharashka mashiinka iyo dayactirka). Isticmaalka mashiinadan waxay hoos u dhigi kartaa kharashka jaridda gacmaha ilaa $100 halkii acre, laakiin guud ahaan kharashaadka xakamaynta haramaha iyadoo la adeegsanayo haramaha robotka ayaa u dhexeeyay $266-$304 halkii acre.
Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in isticmaalka haramaha robotka ay ka kharash badan yihiin jarista gacanta. Haddaba maxay tahay sababta qaar ka mid ah beeralayda California ay u qaadanayaan haramaha robot-yadan?
Fennimore wuxuu sameeyay xoogaa cilmi baaris ah oo uu ku fekerayo inuu ogaado sababta. Waxa uu helay sahan ku saabsan maamulaha guud oo waydiinaya sababta ay u rabaan in ay qaataan tignoolajiyada (Economist, 1/16/21). Waxay yiraahdeen mashiinadu waxay yareyn karaan khatarta (dad yar ayaa dhaawacma), inay noqdaan kuwo la isku halleyn karo marka loo eego shaqaalaha oo ay ka caawiyaan samaynta kharashaadka la saadaalin karo. Intaa waxaa dheer, dawooyinka herbicides waxay muujinayaan soo laabasho sii yaraanaya oo dhalinyaro yar ayaa rajaynaya inay noqdaan cawska gacanta.
Sababtoo ah geed-gooyayaashan robotka ah waxay u baahan yihiin maalgashi (qaabka caadiga ah ee Stout waa $350,000) shirkadaha qaar ayaa qandaraas ku qaata isticmaalka mishiinka - si la mid ah sida aad u kiraysan lahayd wax buufiye ama goose caado ah.
Hadda, kuwan iskood u shaqeysta ee iskood u shaqeysta ee robotka ah iyo cagaf-cagaf-ku-jiidashada robotka-weeders-ka waxay ku urursan yihiin aagagga wax-soo-saarka qudaarta ugu weyn ee waddankeenna ee Koonfurta California iyo Arizona. Laakiin waxaan la hadlay maamulaha Stout, Brent Shedd, wuxuuna ii sheegay inay mashiino ku leeyihiin Florida iyo Georgia, oo ay danaynayaan Midwest. Markaa waanu arki doonaa sida ay u faafeen cawsleydan robotka ah.
- Sam Hitchcock Tilton, weriyaha VGN