Beeraleydu waxay durba arkayaan saamaynta habeenka kulaylka leh iyo maalmaha xagaaga ee kulul ay ku yeelanayaan dalagyadooda. Isbeddelka cimiladu waa tartiib tartiib, laakiin kororka heerkulka guud wuxuu saameeyaa dhinacyo badan oo beeraha ah, oo ay ku jiraan halka iyo sida dalagga loo beero.
Tapan Pathak, Khabiir ku takhasusay Fidinta Iskaashatada Jaamacadda California ee fadhigeedu yahay UC Merced, ayaa samaynaya cilmi-baaris la dabaqay oo beeralayda iyo beeralayda ay isticmaali karaan si ay ula qabsadaan xaaladaha cusub ee uu abuuray doorsoomayaasha iyo cimilada isbeddelaysa.
"Ma aha inaad bedesho dhaqankaaga berrito, laakiin haddii aad ka fekereyso inaad sameyso maalgashi 30-sano ah, waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado khatarta ka jirta beerista dalagyo kala duwan," Pathak, oo fadhigiisu yahay Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Sierra Nevada. at UC Merced, ayaa lagu yiri war-saxaafadeed.
Pathak waxa uu madax u yahay Kooxda Barnaamijka Isbadalka Cimilada ee Iskaashatooyinka ee UC, kuwaas oo hadafkoodu yahay in ay kordhiyaan awooda aqoonyahanada UCCE si ay wax uga qabtaan welwelka isbedelka cimilada ee macluumaadka ku salaysan sayniska. Pathak waxa kale oo ay la shaqaysaa xirfadlayaasha fidinta ee galbeedka Maraykanka si ay u sameeyaan dhacdooyinka fidinta ee la xidhiidha la qabsiga isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu si dhow ula shaqeeyaa hay'adaha gobolka iyo federaalka ee gobolka oo dhan iyo beeralayda si loo ogaado isbeddelada dhacaya natiijada isbeddelka cimilada ee saameeya beeraha. Cilmi-baarista Pathak waxay ku wargelin doontaa go'aamada beeralayda, sida kala duwanaanta dalagga, tariikhda beeridda iyo goosashada, kulaylka ba'an iyo ilaalinta dhaxan iyo maaraynta cayayaanka.
"Waxaan aragnaa saameynta isbeddelka cimilada, taasi waa caddahay. Waxaan haysanaa xalal la heli karo, laakiin waxaan sidoo kale u baahanahay inaan samayno cilmi-baaris gaar ah oo dalagga gudaha ah oo ku habboon si aan uga dhigno beerashada mid u adkaysata khatarta cimilada, "ayuu yiri Pathak.
Saynis yahanka UCCE waxa uu ahaa hogaamiyaha qoraaga warqad muhiim ah oo soo koobtay saamaynta isbeddelka cimilada ee beeralayda California oo bixisa tilmaamo cilmi-baadhis iyo hirgelin mustaqbalka ah. Qorayaashu waxay soo gabagabeeyeen in ku dhawaad dhammaan dalagyada California, oo si wadajir ah loo qiimeeyo in ka badan $ 50 bilyan sannadkii, ay halis gelin doonaan ilaa xad heerkul sare oo kor u kaca iyo qaababka cimilada ee isbedbeddelaya. Daraasadda "Isbeddellada Isbeddelka Cimilada iyo Isaameyn ku yeeshay Beeraha California"waxaa lagu daabacay Agronomy 2018.
"Waxaan u maleynayaa inay jiraan xalal badan oo la heli karo, waxaana sidoo kale jirta baahi cad oo loo qabo cilmi-baaris la-qabsi oo ay ku jiraan aragtida beeralayda," ayuu yiri Pathak, oo helay Abaalmarinta Hogaaminta Cimilada ee cilmi-baarista Shabakadda Cimilada iyo Beeraha California.
Pathak waxa kale oo uu si dhow ula shaqaynayaa UC Davis oo ku takhasusay UCCE Daniele Zaccaria, kaas oo hogaaminaya mashruuc caalami ah oo lagu qiimeeyo tusmooyinka bioclimatic iyo horumarinta index taas oo aad ugu habboon beeraha waraabka, oo ay ku jiraan saynisyahano ka socda US, Italy, Brazil iyo Chile .
"Tilmaanta noolaha ee u gaarka ah beeraha waraabka ah waxay ku siin kartaa macluumaad abaareed oo sax ah oo qiimo badan oo waxtar u leh qorsheynta iyo maareynta kheyraadka biyaha," Pathak ayaa yiri.
Cal AgroClimate
Pathak waxa ay horumarinaysaa nidaam taageero go'aan ku salaysan mareegaha oo loo yaqaan Cal AgroClimate si ay uga caawiso beeralayda inay go'aan gaadhaan, iyada oo la kaashanaysa USDA California California Maamulaha Hubka Cimilada Steven Ostoja. Waxa lagu dhisay isla madal la mid ah AgroClimate, kaas oo caan ku ah beeralayda Koonfur-bari.
Cal AgroClimate waxay u tarjuntaa xogta cimilada ee taariikhiga ah iyo saadaasha mustaqbalka hab taageero go'aan waxtar leh oo beeraleyda ah. Tusaale ahaan, beeralayda waxay heli karaan la-talin kulayl daran iyo dhaxan 10 ilaa 14 maalmood ee soo socda ee gobolkooda iyo agabka khuseeya si loo yareeyo khatarta dalagga ay doorteen. Waxay ku jirtaa wajigii hore ee horumarinta waxaana ku jiri doona qalabyo badan oo ku salaysan baahiyaha iyo mudnaanta ay cadeeyeen asxaabta UCCE, beeralayda iyo bulshada beeralayda guud ahaan.
Marka laga soo tago shaqadiisa Cal AgroClimate, Pathak wuxuu waday cilmi baaris ku saabsan dalagyo gaar ah.
Tamaandho
In a daraasad lagu eegayo habaynta wax soo saarka yaanyada Dooxada Dhexe, Pathak iyo lataliyaha UCCE Scott Stoddard wuxuu ogaaday in heerkulka isbeddelku ay u badan tahay beddelo xilliga tamaandhada. Saynis yahanadu waxay eegeen habaynta xogta yaanyada laga bilaabo 1950 iyo saadaasha 2030-2040 si ay u arkaan sida wakhtiga qaangaadhka isu bedelayo.
"Guud ahaan, wakhtiga ka soo bixitaanka ilaa qaan-gaadhnimada, wakhtiga habaynta yaanyada ee gobolkaas waxa uu yaraanayaa laba ilaa saddex toddobaad," ayuu yidhi Pathak. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah processor-yadu waxay leeyihiin waqtigooda marka ay u baahan yihiin tamaandhada si loo farsameeyo iyo marka marka aad isbeddelkan ku sameyso phenology, taas oo beddeleysa wakhtiga marka ay qaangaaraan oo ay diyaar u yihiin processor-yada. Markaa, waxa jira isbeddel dhan oo maamulka ah oo laga yaabo in beeralaydu ay ka fikiraan mustaqbalka.”
yicibta
Si loo aqoonsado macluumaadka cimilada beeralayda almond waxay u baahan yihiin inay qaadaan tallaabo la qabsi ah, UC Berkeley cilmi-baaraha postdoctoral Kripa Jagannathan, lataliyihii hore ee UCCE David Doll iyo Pathak la waraystay beeralayda almond ee dooxada dhexe. Intii lagu guda jiray wada sheekeysiga beeralayda, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay caddeeyeen in saadaasha cimiladu muddada-dheer aysan ahayn saadaasha xilliyeed ama saadaasha cimilada 20 ilaa 30 sano ee soo socota. Saadaasha ayaa bixinaysa macluumaadka ku saabsan isbeddellada ama suurtagalnimada isbeddelka xaaladaha taariikheed ee samaynta go'aannada qorshaynta muddada-dheer.
Xakamaynta cayayaanka waa meel ay beeralayda u baahan doonaan inay isbedel ku sameeyaan. Cilmi-baaris ay sameeyeen la-taliyaha UCCE Jhalendra Rijal iyo Pathak ayaa muujinaya cayayaanka almond-ka ee xuddunta orangeworm ayaa horay u sii kordhisay nolosheeda jiilka shanaad inta lagu jiro xilli.
strawberries
Strawberry, Pathak, UCCE entomology iyo lataliyaha bayooloji Surendra Dara iyo cilmi-baaraha ka dambeeya Mahesh Maskey ayaa sameeyay model si loo saadaaliyo wax soo saarka dalagga toddobaadlaha ah ku salaysan xogta cimilada. "Habkani wuxuu ahaa mid sax ah gobolka Santa Maria," Pathak ayaa yidhi. "Habka gaarka ah ee dalagga ayaa loo isticmaali karaa maaraynta shaqada kaliya ma aha maaraynta dalagga."
Sababtoo ah Kaliforniya waxay soo saartaa in ka badan 400 oo wax soo saarka beeraha ah, la qabsiga isbedelka cimiladu waxay noqon doontaa mid ka adag marka loo eego gobolada kale.
Sawirka sare: Tapen Pathak, bidix, iyo Mahesh Maskey waxay hagaajiyaan dareemayaasha beerta strawberry ee 2018. La shaqeynta Surenda Dara, waxay sameeyeen qaab lagu saadaaliyo wax-soo-saarka dalagga toddobaadlaha ah ee ku salaysan xogta cimilada.