The Machadka Qaranka ee Cuntada iyo Beeraha ee USDA dhawaan ku dhawaaqay $2.4 milyan oo deeq ah iyada oo loo marayo Hindisaha Cilmi-baarista Beeraha iyo Cunnada si ay u maalgeliso barnaamij isku dhafan oo ay hogaaminayaan cilmi-baarayaasha Jaamacadda Illinois (U of I). Maaraynta xogta degdega ah ee barnaamijka (DIFM) waxay isticmaali doontaa tignoolajiyada saxda ah ee beeraha si ay u socodsiiso beero buuxa, tijaabooyin beero-beero ah oo bedelaya heerka codsiga ee bacriminta nitrogen. Xogta laga soo saaray mashruuca ayaa ka caawin doonta beeralayda inay maamulaan codsiga nitrogen si ay u kordhiyaan faa'iidada ayna u yareeyaan qulqulka nafaqooyinka.
Ilaa hadda, awoodda tignoolajiyada saxda ah ee beeraha ee hagaajinta maamulka beeraha weli si buuxda looma xaqiijin.
"Waxa aanu u samaynayno si ka duwan waa beddelka doorsoomayaasha maamulka," ayuu yidhi U of I Dhaqaaleyahanka beeraha David Bullock. "Waxaan ku sifeyneynaa beeraha oo aan qaadanayna xogta wax-soo-saarka, laakiin sidoo kale waxaan u bedeli doonnaa heerarka codsiga nitrogen-ka si heer sare ah goob kasta. Tani waxay dhalin doontaa macluumaad badan oo ku saabsan waxa shaqeeya iyo waxa aan shaqayn."
Kooxda cilmi-baarayaasha 28 iyo shaqaalaha kordhinta ee lix jaamacadood ayaa isku dubaridi doona tijaabooyinka beeraha ee 100 goobood oo ku yaal Illinois, Nebraska, Kentucky, Argentina, iyo Uruguay muddada daraasadda afarta sano ah. Marka laga soo tago soo saarista xog la taaban karo, ujeedada ugu dambeysa ee mashruucu waa in la horumariyo softiweerka u gudbin doona fikradaha maamulka lataliyayaasha beeraha. Marka software-kaas la sameeyo, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay rajeynayaan inay tijaabiyaan kumanaan beerood.
"Sababtoo ah dhammaan tijaabooyinkayaga waxaa lagu maamuli doonaa qaab guud, waxaan ku dhammaan doonnaa xog badan," ayuu yiri Bullock. "Waxaanu adeegsan doonaa falanqaynta tirakoobka gees-goynta iyo dhaqaalaha si loo go'aamiyo sida sifooyinka beeruhu u saameeyaan heerarka ugu wanaagsan ee codsiga."
Talooyinka maaraynta ee jira ayaa inta badan lagu wajaho dhammaan gobollada ama nidaamyada dalagga, iyada oo aan xisaabta lagu darin xogta goobta-gaarka ah. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay qiyaaseen in, dhowr sano ka dib, ay awoodi doonaan inay siiyaan beeralayda talooyin faa'iido leh oo ku salaysan tijaabooyin lagu sameeyay beerahooda gaarka ah.
"Taasi waa kacaan," ayuu yidhi Bullock.
Cilmi-baarayaashu waxay raadinayaan beeralayda si ay uga qaybqaataan daraasadda. Inkasta oo beeruhu noqon doonaan goobo tijaabo ah, carqaladaynta beeralayda ayaa noqon doonta mid aad u yar. Nidaamyada tijaabada ayaa si toos ah loogu habayn doonaa mishiinada beeraha, taasoo la micno ah beeralayda inay si fudud ugu baahan yihiin inay u kaxeeyaan mashiinadooda sidii caadiga ahayd. Muhiimad ahaan, beeralayda ayaa si buuxda loo magdhabi doonaa wixii khasaare ah inta lagu jiro muddada tijaabada. Waxay sidoo kale heli doonaan $500 ka qaybqaadashadooda mashruuca.
Dhinacyada danaynaya waxay iimayl ugu diri karaan David Bullock dsbulloc@illinois.edu ama Don Bullock at dbullock@illinois.edu Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah iyo in la saxiixo.
Isha: Jaamacadda Illinois Kulliyada Beeraha, Macmiilka iyo Sayniska Deegaanka