12-kii bilood ee la soo dhaafay waxa ay keeneen mowjado is biirsaday oo dhex maray shirkadaha waaweyn ee beeraha. Kooxaha warshadaha, falanqeeyayaasha iyo dhaqaalayahanadu waxay leeyihiin saadaalino kala duwan oo ku saabsan sida beeralayda dalagyada gaarka ah ay ugu noolaan doonaan jawiga ganacsi ee cusub.
Magacyada qoyska ee beeralayda qoyska - DuPont, FMC, Dow Chemical, Syngenta - waxay ku lug lahaayeen isku darka, iibsashada iyo macaamilada adag. Qaar ka mid ah wax kala iibsiga ayaa ahaa kuwo aad u weyn oo ay ku muteysteen kormeerka ka-hortagga ah ee Wasaaradda Caddaaladda ee Mareykanka iyo Guddiga Yurub. Maamulayaasha shirkadu waxay aad ugu riyaaqeen isbeddellada ka dhashay.
Markii Dow Chemical ay ku biirtay DuPont bishii Sebtembar, Madaxa fulinta DowDuPont Ed Breen ayaa rajo ka qabay natiijooyinka.
"DowDuPont waa furaha saddex shirkadood oo xooggan oo loogu talagalay (beeraha, sayniska alaabta iyo alaabada khaaska ah) kuwaas oo si fiican u dhigi doona in ay dib u maalgeliyaan sayniska iyo hal-abuurka, xalliyaan caqabadaha weligood soo koraya ee macaamiisheena, oo u soo saari doona soo celinta mustaqbalka fog saamilaydayada ,” ayuu ku yiri war-saxaafadeed. Qaybta ag ee DowDuPont waxaa loo wareejin doonaa sidii shirkad cusub, Corteva Agriscience, 2019.
Dhammaan beeralayda iyo ururadu maaha kuwo rajo leh. Mid ka mid ah naqdiye wuxuu ahaa Beeralayda iyo Qoysaska Koowaad, iskiis u sharraxay 501 (c)(4) kaas oo u ololeeya "siyaasadaha ku salaysan suuqa xorta ah si loo caawiyo beeralayda Maraykanka ee beera cuntada qarankeena oo caawiya qoysaska Maraykanka ah ee cuna cuntadaas."
"Taariikhdu waxay tusinaysaa in suuq-geynta suuqa ay ku timaaddo kharashka beeralayda," Beeralayda iyo Qoysaska First ayaa ku qoray warqad cad oo si gaar ah u xusay isku-dhafka Bayer-Monsanto. “Maadaama uu suuqii wax-soo-saarka beeralayda la xoojiyay, qiimaha abuurka beeralayda ayaa labanlaabmay marka loo eego qiimaha ay ku helaan dalagyada ka soo baxa. Kahor 1990-kii, beeralayda dunidu waxay caadi ahaan iibsadeen abuur leh sifooyin ku habboon xaaladdooda koraan mid kasta oo ka mid ah 600 ama in ka badan oo yaryar, ganacsi abuur madax-bannaan, qaar badan oo ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin qoys.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhaqaaleyahanka beeraha David Zilberman kuma qanacsana in isku-dhafka ay ku iman doonto kharashka beeralayda mustaqbalka fog.
"Runtii kama welwelo isku-dhafka sida ugu badan ee aan ugu faraxsanahay xaqiiqda ah in dadku ... maalgashadaan tignoolajiyada hagaajin kara wax soo saarka, taas oo hagaajin karta hawlo badan," Zilberman ayaa ku yiri wareysi uu siiyay Wargayska Fruit Growers. "Intee in le'eg ayaa maalgashi ayaa jira? Waxaa jira wax badan, oo aad uga badan kuwii hore - in badan oo ka mid ah ayaa ku jira goosashada."
Zilberman waa borofisar ka tirsan Waaxda Dhaqaalaha Beeraha iyo Kheyraadka ee Jaamacadda California, Berkeley iyo madaxweynaha la doortay ee Ururka Dhaqaalaha Beeraha & Codsadaha. Isaga, maalgashiga, shirkadaha bilowga ah ee leh tignoolajiyada cusub, ballaarinta guud ee bayotechnoolajiyada iyo xitaa kordhinta aqbalaadda noolaha hidde ahaan wax laga beddelay ayaa ah calaamado wanaagsan oo ah in ganacsigu uu si wanaagsan ugu diyaargaroobey inuu wax ka qabto dhibaatooyinka soo socda sida isbeddelka cimilada iyo quudinta dadka sii kordhaya ee adduunka.
Maqaalka Zilberman iyo asxaabtiisa dhawaan lagu daabacay joornaalka dib-u-eegis ee Sustainability, kooxdu waxay qortay sida GMO-ka-soo-baxa Yurub ay u muuqato inay ka yar tahay cabsida tignoolajiyada.
"Calaamadda dhabta ah ee isbeddelka ayaa ah in Bayer, oo ah shirkad kiimiko ah oo Yurub ah, ay ku jirto habka iibsiga Monsanto. Komishanka Yurub ayaa dhawaan ku dhawaaqay ansixinta shuruuda ku xidhan ee midowgan,” ayaa lagu yidhi qoraalka.
Waxa uu hore u qoray barta blog-ka oo si wanaagsan uga tarjumaysa dhaxalka Monsanto:
"Wax kasta oo ku dhaca Monsanto, aragtida isticmaalka tignoolajiyada casriga ah si kor loogu qaado wax soo saarka beeraha iyo wax ka qabashada caqabadaha isbedelka cimilada waa ay sii jiri doontaa."
Halka beeralayda khudaarta iyo khudaarta ilaa hadda inta badan ay iska ilaalinayeen isticmaalka GMOs, mustaqbalka bayoloji tignoolajiyada iyo hal-abuurka kale waxa ay buuxin karaan daldaloolada ay ka tagayaan dhaqamada kiimikaad sida fumigation methyl bromide.
Dhammaan isku-darka laguma dhaqaajiyo faa'iidada iyo tixgelinta khasaaraha, ayuu yidhi Zilberman.
"Qaar ka mid ah xoojinta ayaa ah natiijada rabitaanka in la kordhiyo faa'iidada," ayuu yidhi. "Isku daryo badan ayaa ka dhashay shirkado dhowr ah oo samaynaya waxa ay hal shirkad ka qaban karto suuqa furan. Markaa, waxay ku xidhan tahay xaaladda.
"Xaqiiqda ah in shirkado badan oo bilaw ah ay soo baxeen waa calaamad wanaagsan," ayuu raaciyay.