Warshadaha khudradda ayaa xiiso sii kordheysa u leh caafimaadka ciidda iyo microbes ciidda faa'iido u leh, oo ay ku jiraan fungi mycorrhizal. Helitaanka faa'iidooyinka fangaska mycorrhizal ee xaaladaha ganacsiga ma fududa. Beerista degdega ah, qiiqa carrada, fallow iyo koritaanka dalagyada martigelinta ee aan mycorrhizal ahayn - sida kuwa ku jira qoysaska brassica (Brassicaceae) iyo dabocase (Amaranthaceae) - waxay yareeyaan heerarka mycorrhizal inoculum ee ciidda, iyo suurtagalnimada gumeysiga dalagga xididada by mycorrhizal fungi.
Qeyb ahaan Hagaajinta dalagyada daboolka ee warshadaha khudaarta (VG16068) - Maalgelinta cashuurta istaraatiijiga ah ee hoos timaada Sanduuqa Hal-abuurka Khudaarta Hort - kooxda mashruucu waxay eegtay kartida dalagyada daboolka, oo ay weheliso tallaalada mycorrhizal ganacsi iyo hoos u dhigista carrada, si kor loogu qaado faa'iidada mycorrhizal fangaska ee dalagyada khudradda. Kobcinta ayaa loo baahan yahay maadaama heerarka gumeysiga mycorrhizal ee dalagyada khudradda ganacsiga la ogaaday inay hooseeyaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, korodhka heerarka gumeysiga mycorrhizal ee dalagyada khudradda ayaa noqday mid adag sababtoo ah heerarka fosfooraska ciidda oo aad u sarreeya.
Qodobo iyo talooyin muhiim ah
Sahan lagu sameeyay fangaska mycorrhizal ee dalagyada khudradda ganacsiga ee Australia ayaa muujisay in dhaqamada kor loogu qaadayo fangaska faa'iidada leh loo baahan yahay, iyada oo kaliya 14 boqolkiiba dalagyada khudradda muunad ee la sameeyay ay muujinayaan ururada mycorrhizal.
Isku dayga lagu kordhinayo heerarka mycorrhizal ee dalagyada khudradda iyadoo la adeegsanayo dalagyada daboolka ah oo ay weheliso tallaalada mycorrhizal ee ganacsiga iyo hoos u dhigista tacabka beeraha ee kala duwan kuma guuleysan tijaabooyinkeena. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tallaalka ayaa laga yaabaa inay faa'iido u yeeshaan xaalado kale.
Fosfooraska ciidda sare ee laga heli karo carrada ka baxda khudradda ayaa xaddidaysa gumeysiga xididka mycorrhizal ee dalagyada daboolan iyo dalagyada khudradda.
Beeralayda khudaarta ee danaynaya inay horumariyaan ururka mycorrhizal ee dalaggooda daboolka ah iyo dalagyada khudaarta, kuwan soo socda ayaa ah shuruudaha "khadka ugu fiican" ee hagaajinta heerarka mycorrhizal:
- Ciidda leh heerar fosfooraska dhexdhexaad ah oo la heli karo (Olsen-P <50 ppm).
- Fosfooraska xooggan ee hagaajinaya carrada (tusaale, waqooyiga Tasmania iyo koonfur-galbeed WA).
- Nidaamyada wax-soo-saarka khudradda oo isticmaalaya heerar sare oo compost ah.
Waa maxay sababta kor loogu qaado fangaska mycorrhizal? Faa'iidooyinka loo marayo symbiosis
Fangaska 'Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi' waa 'calanka' fangaska faa'iidada leh, oo leh faa'iidooyinkooda suurtagalka ah oo si ballaaran looga aqoonsan yahay dhammaan warshadaha khudradda iyo isticmaalka sii kordhaya ee alaabta aan la tallaalin ee mycorrhizal.
Gumeysiga xididdada dhirta ee fangaska mycorrhizal waxay bixisaa faa'iidooyin dhowr ah oo ay ka mid yihiin:
- Kordhinta qaadashada nafaqooyinka aan dhaqdhaqaaqa lahayn, gaar ahaan fosfooraska iyo zinc
- Nafaqaynta wax soo saarka oo la hagaajiyay.
- Waxsoosaarka la hagaajiyay
- Guryaha biostimulant.
- Ka ilaalinta xididada martida loo yahay cudur-sidaha qaarkood.
- Xidhiidhka biyaha oo la hagaajiyay, gaar ahaan xaddidnaanta nafaqada.
- shoogga ku-tallaalidda oo yaraatay.
- Isku geynta ciidda oo la hagaajiyay iyada oo loo marayo glomalin.
Fangaska Mycorrhizal waa fangaska 'symbiotic fungi' oo leh in ka badan 15 genera iyo 150 nooc. Ciidda beeraha, fangaska mycorrhizal waxay ka samaysan karaan inta u dhaxaysa shan iyo 50 boqolkiiba noolaha noolaha ee microbes ciidda.
Dhab ahaantii dhammaan carradu waxay ka kooban yihiin qaar ka mid ah fangaska mycorrhizal, laakiin cufnaanta inoculum (kubka, jajabyada xididka iyo hyphae) iyo noocyada fangasku way kala duwan yihiin. Si aad u noolaato oo u koraan, fangaska mycorrhizal waxay u baahan yihiin geedka martida loo yahay ee nool oo bixiya cunto (photosynthates) beddelka faa'iidooyinka la xidhiidha xiriirka sumadda.
Xiriirka ka dhexeeya fangaska mycorrhizal iyo geedka waxaa lagu qiimeeyaa iyadoo la cabbirayo heerarka gumeysiga xididka. Tani waxay ku lug leedahay in xididada laga qaado dalagyada beerta, midabaynta si loo muujiyo fangaska mycorrhizal iyo in la baadho xididada dhismayaasha mycorrhizal (hyphae, arbuscles ama vesicles). Tan waxaa markaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xisaabiyo boqolleyda xididdada la gumeysto.
Fangaska Mycorrhizal ee dalagyada khudradda ganacsiga - ma u baahan tahay kor u qaadis?
Heerarka gumeysiga Mycorrhizal ayaa la ogaaday inay yihiin dalagyada khudaarta ganacsi yar. Kaliya 14 boqolkiiba dalagyada khudaarta ee la soo saaray ayaa lahaa ururada mycorrhizal (tixraac shaxda 1). Dalagyadaas leh ururada mycorrhizal, heerarka gumeysiga xididku waxay ahaayeen dhexdhexaad (Shaxda 1, Jaantuska 1). Waxaa jiray 57 dalagyo khudradeed oo laga soo qaaday 22 beerood. Tijaabooyin xidid ah ayaa laga soo qaaday dalagyada beerta ka baxa ee Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia iyo Tasmania. Kaabsicum-ka ciidda-koray ee Tunnel House iyo eggplants ayaa sidoo kale muunad laga soo qaaday Koonfurta Australia.
Kobcinta ururada mycorrhizal
Afar tijaabo oo beerta ah, waxaan isku daynay inaan kor u qaadno gumeysiga mycorrhizal ee mid kasta oo ka mid ah dalagyada daboolaya ama caleenta ama galleyda annagoo adeegsanayna noocyo kala duwan oo dalagyo dabool ah oo ay weheliso inoculants mycorrhizal iyo beerista la dhimay.
Dalagyada daboolan waxay lahaayeen heerar hoose oo gumeysi xidid mycorrhizal ah (Shaxda 2) mana kor u qaadin heerarka mycorrhizal ee ciidda ama dalagyada khudaarta ee soo socda. Hadhuudhku waxa uu ahaa dalaggii kaliya ee daboolay ee lahaa gumaysi xidid mycorrhizal dhexdhexaad ah (> 10%).
Ku darida mycorrhizal inoculum mid ka mid ah dalagga daboolka ka hor dalagga khudradda ama si toos ah dalagga khudradda ma kordhin heerarka gumeysiga xididka ee galleyda ama leek xilliga goosashada ama koritaanka dalagga iyo dhalidda.
Heerarka fosfooraska ciidda ee sarreeya ayaa xaddidaya fangaska mycorrhizal
Heerarka fosfooraska ciidda sare ee la heli karo (Olsen-P> 100 ppm) ayaa ku badan ciidda beerashada khudaarta. Heerarka fosfooraska ciidda sare ee la heli karo ayaa xaddidi kara gumeysiga xididka dalagga daboolka ah iyo dalagyada khudradda. Ku darida tallaalka mycorrhizal kama aysan guuleysan xaddidan. Carrada leh qiimaha Olsen-P ee ka sarreeya 50 ppm dhirta martida loo yahay, taas oo maamusha habka gumeysiga, sida caadiga ah uma ogola fangaska mycorrhizal xididka.
Waxaan helnay qaar ka mid ah dalagyo daboolan iyo dalagyo khudradeed oo leh heerarka gumeysiga xidid la aqbali karo. Goobahan ayaa caadi ahaan lahaa heerarka fosfooraska ee la heli karo ka hooseeya. Tusaale ahaan, dalagga daboolka oatka oo leh 78 boqolkiiba heerka gumeysiga xididka wuxuu lahaa qiimaha Olsen-P ee 7 ppm.
Beeralayda khudaarta ee danaynaya inay horumariyaan ururka mycorrhizal ee dalaggooda daboolka ah iyo dalagyada khudaarta, waxaanu u soo jeedinaynaa xaaladahan 'ugu wanaagsan' ee soo socda:
- Ciidda leh heerar fosfooraska dhexdhexaad ah oo la heli karo (< 50 ppm Olsen-P; beddelaad qiyaas ah ee tijaabooyinka ciidda kale: <140 ppm Colwell-P, <110 ppm Bray-P ama <105 ppm Mehlich-3-P).
- Fosfooraska xooggan ee hagaajinaya ciidda (tusaale, Ferrosols ee waqooyiga Tasmania; carrada koonfur-galbeed WA). Ka raadi carrada leh tusmada haynta Fosfooraska sare ama tusmada kaydinta fosfooraska.
- Soosaarka khudaarta oo la isticmaalayo heerar sare oo compost ah. Koonfurta Australiya, waxaan si joogto ah u aragnay heerarka sare ee gumeysiga mycorrhizal Solanaceae dalagyada ka baxa beerashada la ilaaliyo, inkastoo la isticmaalo qiiqa carrada. Nidaamyadani dhamaantood waxay isticmaaleen heerar sare oo compost ah oo ay la socdaan tallaalada mycorrhizal.
Xaaladahan 'khadka ugu fiican' waxay siinayaan hage kuwa beeraleyda doonaya inay kor u qaadaan heerarka fangaska mycorrhizal. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waanu awoodin inaanu muujino waxa faa'iidooyinka fangaska mycorrhizal lagu siin karo dalagyada khudaarta ee xaaladaha ganacsiga.
Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan dalagga daboolka ah ee uu soo saaray mashruuca VG16068, fadlan booqo website-ka hantida carrada oo raadi khayraadka dalagyada la xidhiidha daboolka.
Mashruucan waxaa maalgelisay Hort Innovation iyadoo la isticmaalayo cilmi-baarista khudaarta iyo canshuuraha horumarinta iyo wax ku biirinta Dowladda Australia.