Alaabooyinka bayoolojigu waa aalad muhiim u ah beeralayda khudaarta dabiiciga ah waxayna muujiyeen waxtarka aqalka lagu koriyo ee lagu joojiyo haramaha iyo kutaanada xun.
Laakiin warshaduhu halkaas kuma joogsanayaan.
Hogaamiyayaasha ayaa sheegaya in ay sheeganayaan meel ka mid ah beeraha caadiga ah. Warshad ku bilawday helitaanka kiimikooyin jilicsan iyo habab bayooloji oo lagu xakameynayo cayayaanka iyo haramaha hadda waxay leedahay biostimulants kor u qaada koritaanka dhirta. Alaabooyinka kale waxay xittaa ujeedadoodu tahay inay hagaajiyaan tayada khudradda iyo nolosha shelf.
Wax badan oo suuqa ah
"Dalagyada khaaska ah ayaa runtii ah meesha wax badan oo ka mid ah badeecooyinka noolaha ay dhab ahaantii bilaabeen," ayuu yiri Keith Jones, oo ah agaasimaha fulinta Isbahaysiga Warshadaha Bayoolojiga (BPIA).
"Alaabooyinka bayoolojigu waxay heleen aqbalaaddooda ugu weyn ee beeralayda khudaarta iyo miraha."
BPIA waxay kor u qaadaysaa horumarinta mas'uulka ka ah ee alaabada noolaha ee badbaadsan oo waxtar leh. Kooxdu waxa ay ka kortay shan shirkadood oo asal ah ilaa 130 xubnood kuwaas oo soo saara, suuqa ama qaybiya badeecooyinka noolaha.
Jones ayaa sheegay in bayoolojigu ay hadda ka kooban yihiin 17 boqolkiiba suuqa wax-soo-saarka cayayaanka ee beeraleyda khudaarta iyo miraha - iyo in saamiga suuqa uu sii wado inuu koro sanad walba.
Halka qiyaastii 25 boqolkiiba xakamaynta noolaha loo isticmaalo dalagyada dabiiciga ah, wuxuu sheegay in badi hadda loo isticmaalo dalagyada caadiga ah.
"Baahida macaamiishu sidoo kale waa darawal tan," ayuu yidhi. "Dadku hadda, aad bay u daneeyaan waxa ku socda canabkooda. Waxa laga yaabaa in aanay danayn noocaas ah ka yeelan waxa loo isticmaalo suufkooda. Waxyaabaha ay cunayaan, waxaa jira xiiso sare oo loo qabo waxa loo isticmaalo noocyada dalagyada."
Laakiin xitaa alaabooyinka bayoolojiga lagama dhaafo dhammaan xeerarka.
Gudaha Maraykanka, EPA's Biopesticides iyo Qaybta Kahortagga Wasakhda ee ku jirta Xafiiska Barnaamijyada Cayayaanka waxa ay gacanta ku haysaa diwaan galinta xakamaynta cayayaanka noolaha ee ku dhaqma bayoolaji, microbial ama tignoolajiyada soo baxaya.
"Sida warshad kasta, waxaan hubaa inay jiraan wax soo saar hoose oo ka baxsan," Jones ayaa yidhi. Badeecada bayoolojiga ah ee ku nool suuqa dhawr sano waxay u badan tahay inay qiimo la soo bandhigay u leedahay beeralayda, ayuu yidhi. Shirkadaha bilawga ah ee codsada xubinimada BPIA waa inay ku heshiiyaan inay u hoggaansamaan shuruucda diiwaangelinta dawladda, oo ay sameeyaan sheegashooyin cilmi ahaan ansax ah xagga suuq-geynta.
"Waxaan kaliya raadineynaa shirkad si ay u noqoto shirkad sharci ah oo leh alaabo ama adeegyo sharci ah," Jones ayaa yidhi.
Microbials - alaabooyinka leh microorganism-ka sida bakteeriyada sida walaxda firfircoon - waxay ka kooban yihiin 25 boqolkiiba warshadaha hadda laakiin waa qaybteeda ugu koritaanka badan. Biochemicals waxay ka kooban yihiin qiyaastii 35 boqolkiiba, iyo noolaha-macro-organisms, sida cayayaanka waxtarka leh, ayaa ka kooban inta soo hartay, Jones ayaa yidhi.
Ka baxsan xakamaynta noolaha
The 2018 Bill Bill waxaa ku jira qeexitaan sharciyeedka ugu horeeya ee biostimulants sida "walax ama noole yar oo, marka lagu dabaqo abuurka, dhirta, ama rhizosphere, kiciya hababka dabiiciga ah si kor loogu qaado ama looga faa'iidaysto qaadashada nafaqada, waxtarka nafaqada, dulqaadka cadaadiska abiotic, ama tayada dalagga iyo wax soo saar."
Tusaalooyinka qaarkood waa amino acids, microbials, ama dhirta laga soosaaray kuwaas oo loo suuq geeyey inay ka caawiyaan geedka inuu koro. Iyadoo dariiqa loo maro suuqa aan wali si sharci ah loo qeexin, BPIA waxa ay u doodaysay barnaamij sumadeedka kaas oo tilmaamaya biostimulants dhab ah.
Weli badeecooyinka kale ee bayooloji ayaa diiradda saaraya horumarinta tayada miraha iyo nolosha shelf.
Tusaale ahaan, u fiirso dhibaatada caadiga ah ee maqaarka dillaacsan ee yaanyada. Shirweynihii Mid-Atlantic-ka-dhexe ee khudaarta iyo khudradda, beeralayda ayaa dhegaystay muxaadaro uu bixinayay Steven Bogash, Bare hawlgab ah oo Penn State Extension hadda u shaqeeya Marrone Bio Innovations.
"Tani waa waxa sababa dildilaaca: Guduhu si ka dhakhso badan waxa uu maqaarku xamili karo," ayuu yidhi.
Maalmo qoyaan badan oo leh maqaar go'an ayaa dillaaci kara yaanyada si ballaaran. Waa xanuunka keliya ee beeralayda yaanyada, mid ay caadi ahaan isku dayaan inay iska joojiyaan iyagoo marsanaya kalsiyum iyo manganese si ay u helaan maqaar caafimaad qaba. Laakiin sanadkan ma aha mid cusub, laakiin laba badeecooyin cusub oo foliar ah oo la dabaqay.
Marrone Bio waxay leedahay shey noocaan oo kale ah, oo loo yaqaan Haven, oo laga sameeyay saliid qumbaha, taas oo kor u qaadaysa neefsashada oo ka ilaalisa qorraxda. Shirkad kale, BioBest, waxay leedahay badeeco la yiraahdo Bluestim, oo laga sameeyay glycine betaine ee xididdada sonkorta, taas oo u shaqeysa sidii nidaamiyaha osmosis, hubinta nidaaminta biyaha iyo nafaqooyinka.
"Haddii aad gudaha ku haysato biyahaas xad-dhaafka ah oo ay si diyaar ah dibadda ugu bixi karaan, waxaad heli doontaa dildilaac badan," Bogash ayaa yidhi. "Qalabkani waxay leeyihiin ballan ah inay beddelaan habka aan luminay darajada yaanyada, sababtoo ah, u wajaho: Habka lambarka koowaad ee aad u qaadato No. 1 yaanyo oo aad ka dhigto lambarka 2 waa sida caadiga ah nooc ka mid ah dildilaaca."
Maamulaha badeecada Bluestim Veronica Cervantes ayaa sheegtay in badeecadu ay u diiwaan gashan tahay wax ka bedelka dhirta dabiiciga ah. Codso 3-4 toddobaad kasta miraha yar yar waxay ka hortagi kartaa dildilaaca iyo sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu kordhiyo nolosha shelf ee yaanyada.
"Waxaan u isticmaalnaa si aan uga caawino warshadda inay la qabsato dhoofinta," ayay tiri. "Waxaad ilaalin doontaa midhaha."
Alaabooyinka bayoolojiga ah ayaa si isa soo taraysa loogu heli karaa cayayaan iyo dhibaatooyin aad u kala duwan.
"Ma jiro hal cabbir oo dhammaan ku habboon" maaddaama xaaladaha iyo cadaadiska cayayaanku ay si joogto ah isu beddelaan xilli kasta," Bogash wuxuu ku qoray qoraal-gacmeedka casharro waxbarasho oo gaar ah, kan ku saabsan maaraynta cayayaanka noolaha ee guryaha hoop. "Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tirada qalabka maaraynta cayayaanka ee sanduuqayada qalabka xakamaynta noolaha ayaa koray ilaa heer ay maareeyaan inta badan cayayaan kasta."
- Stephen Kloosterman, xiriiriyaha tafatiraha