Beeraley badan oo Bangladeshi ayaa beeraya dalagyo khudradeed halkii ay ka heli lahaayeen paddy sababtoo ah isbedelka cimiladu wuxuu keenayaa roob yaraan iyo biyaha dhulka hoostiisa.
Tobannaan sano, Shafiqul Islam Babu wuxuu bariiska ku koray dhulkiisa waqooyi-galbeed ee Bangladesh - ilaa isbeddelka cimilada uu roobka ka dhigay mid aan hagaagsanayn oo biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ee sida xad dhaafka ah loo isticmaalay ay bilaabeen inay qallalaan bartamihii 2000-meeyadii.
Markii uu soo go'ay bariiska, ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhacay dakhligiisii.
Isaga oo ka jawaabaya, 45-jirka beeralayda ah ayaa go'aansaday in uu ku beero kaabash dhulkiisa - dalagga qiimaha sare leh ee isticmaala biyaha ka yar bariiska, haysta iibsade badan, oo siiya dakhli joogto ah.
"Ma garaneyn waxa aan sameeyo halkii aan ka sameyn lahaa beerashada paddy, taas oo ahayd xirfadda awoowgeyga, (iyo) waxaan ku qasbanaaday in aan qoyskayga ku ilaaliyo kaydkayga," ayuu ku yiri wareysi uu ku nadiifinayo haramaha iyo caleemaha dhintay ee 20 hektar. (49-acre) beer kaabash.
"Ka dib, beerashada khudaarta ayaa i tustay rajo." Waxa uu ku guulaystay in uu sameeyo ilaa 215,000 taka ($2,000), marka loo eego 80,000 oo Taka ah oo uu ka heli jiray goosashada bariiska.
Dardargelinta saameynta isbeddelka cimilada ayaa keentay in beeraley badan oo ku nool degmada Rajshahi ee Bangladesh ay bariiska ku beddelaan khudaar iyagoo ku dadaalaya inay ganacsigooda ka dhigaan meeraha ugu kulul.
Siddeed sano ka hor, bariiska ayaa ahaa dalagga ugu weyn ee gobolka - laakiin hadda waa "dalagga khasaaray", iyadoo khudaarta laga bilaabo kaabajka iyo ubbada ay aad u jecel yihiin sababtoo ah waxay u baahan yihiin biyo yar, waxay soo saaraan wax soo saar badan waxayna keenaan lacag badan, sida uu sheegay Shamsul Waduud, madaxa. ee Waaxda Fidinta Beeraha ee degmada.
Beeralayda Rajshahi waxay ku dhibtoon jireen inay beeraan bariiska laba xilli sannadkii, laakiin qaar badan ayaa hadda ku beeran khudaar saddex ama afar jeer sannadkiiba isla dhul isku mid ah, Waduud ayaa sharraxay.
"Waxay helayaan qiimo wanaagsan (iyo) wax soo saarka dalagyada khudradda ayaa hadda kordhay marar badan," ayuu yidhi.
Laga soo bilaabo 2009, dhulka loogu talagalay in lagu beero khudaarta ayaa ku dhawaad afar jibaarmay ilaa 78,500 hektar ee Rajshahi, taasoo ka dhigaysa degmada ugu weyn ee khudaarta soo saarta, sida ay muujinayaan tirooyinka wasaaradda beeruhu.
Laakin ma aha Rajshahi oo kaliya in uu wax ka eegayo bariiska.
Wasiirka beeraha ee Bangladesh Muhammad Abdur Razzaque ayaa sheegay in dowladdu ay hiigsaneyso in ay isticmaasho "dhammaan noocyada laga tagay iyo dhulka ciidda leh" si loo ballaariyo wax soo saarka khudradda.
Ciidda ciidda bacaadka ah waxaa loo arkaa inay ka wanaagsan tahay beerista khudaarta halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd bariiska sababtoo ah waxay u baahan tahay biyo yar iyo bacrin, ayay yiraahdeen saraakiishu.
Biyaha dhulka hoostiisa oo yaraada
Iyadoo qaybo ka mid ah dalka Bangladesh ay ka da’een roobab mahiigaan ah iyo daadad, ayaa abaaruhu aad ugu soo badanayaan gobolka Barind, oo ka kooban inta badan Rajshahi iyo qaar ka mid ah degmada Rangpur.
Celceliska roobabka sanadlaha ah ee aagga ayaa ah ilaa 1,100 mm (43 inji) - in ka yar kala bar celceliska dalka oo dhan - ayuu yiri Chowdhury Sarwar Jahan, oo ah borofisar cilmiga juqraafi ee Jaamacadda Rajshahi.
Iyo, dardargelinta isbedelka cimilada awgeed, celceliska roobabka ee gobolka Barind "wuxuu hoos u dhacayaa maalinba maalinta ka dambeysa", ayuu yidhi.
Sababtoo ah waxaa jira roobab aad u yar, beeraleyda gobolka waxay ku tiirsan yihiin ceelal dhaadheer si ay u helaan biyo ay ku waraabiyaan dalagyadooda, iyagoo cadaadis xooggan saaraya saadka biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ah, Sarwar Jahan ayaa ku daray.
Heerarka biyaha dhulka hoose ee Barind ayaa hoos u dhacaya 50 ilaa 60 sentimitir sannad kasta, sida uu sheegay guddiga horumarinta biyaha ee Bangladesh.
Tani waxa ay ku kicisay qaar ka mid ah beeralayda Rajshahi dabayaaqadii 2000-meeyadii in ay isku dayaan in ay beeraan kaabajka iyo geedka farta lagu fiiqay – oo la mid ah qajaarka – dhul ay ka quusteen bariiska, sida uu sheegay Dewan Ali, 55, beeralay ah oo ku nool tuulada Godagari .
"Dhowr bilood ka dib, waxay la yaabeen markay arkeen in biyo yar iyo bacrimin yar ay helayaan dalag wanaagsan," ayuu yidhi Cali.
"Warkan wanaagsani wuxuu ahaa mid duulaya. Laba sano gudahood, beeralayda intooda badan waxay bilaabeen inay beeraan noocyada kala duwan ee khudaarta.
Machadka Cilmi-baarista Bariiska ee Bangladesh (BRRI) wuxuu ku qiyaasaa in khudaarta qaarkood - oo ay ku jiraan yaanyada, okra iyo dabocase - lagu beeri karo qiyaastii 336 litir oo biyo ah halkii kg, ku dhawaad toban jeer ka yar inta ay qaadato in la beero qadar isku mid ah oo bariis ah.
Kobcinta wax soo saarka khudaarta ayaa ah mudnaan u leh Waaxda Fidinta Beeraha ee Rajshahi, taas oo beeralayda tababaraysa - laga bilaabo sida loo isticmaalo bacriminta iyo xakamaynta cudurada - in la siiyo abuurkooda lacag la'aan, iyo kor u qaadista wacyiga si loogu dhiirigeliyo wax badan si ay u bedelaan, sida uu sheegay Wadud. .
Waxa uu sheegay in xukuumadda Rajshahi ay diiradda saarayso oo kaliya meelaha beeralayda ay la halgamayaan beerashada bariiska, sidaa darteed ma jirto khatar ah in loo beddelo khudaarta oo saamaysa guud ahaan wax-soosaarka paddy.
"Qaybo ku filan oo bariis ah ayaa laga beeraa qaybaha kale ee dalka," Waduud ayaa raaciyay.
Kordhinta 'rajo'
Halka beeraley badan ay sheegeen in noloshoodii ay badbaadisay markii la ogaaday in khudaarta ay ka bixi karaan dhulka oomanaha ah, dalagyada badan ee soo go’a waxay mararka qaarkood caddayn karaan wax aad u wanaagsan.
Xiliyada wax soo saarka gaar ahaan, sahayda xad dhaafka ahi waxay hoos u dhigtaa qiimaha beeralayda ay ku dalaci karaan wax soo saarkooda, halka kaydinta ay sidoo kale tahay arin, ayuu yidhi Hossain Ali, beeralayda aagga Godagari ee Rajshahi.
Marka beeralayda ay beeraan bariiska in ka badan inta ay iibin karaan, waa la qallajin karaa oo si fudud ayaa loo kaydin karaa lix bilood, ayuu yidhi, laakiin khudaarta dheeraadka ah si dhakhso ah ayey u qudhuntaa haddii aan lagu hayn talaajad.
“Haddii ay dawladdu dhisto kaydka qaboojinta, waanu ilaalin karnaa (khudradda) xilliyada ka baxsanna waxaan ku iibin karnaa qiimo fiican,” ayuu yidhi Cali, oo haysta dhul dhan 30 hektar oo uu ku beero khudaar kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin ubaxa iyo yaanyada.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, beeralayda Mohammed Ali, caqabadaha beeritaanka khudaarta ayaa aad uga miisaan badan faa'iidooyinka qoyskiisa.
Ka dib markii uu toban sano ku qaatay Sacuudi Carabiya shaqaale dhisme ah si uu lacag ugu diro guriga, Ali wuxuu ku soo laabtay 2010 Rajshahi si uu u beero bariis. Laakiin biyo la'aantu waxay ku qasabtay inuu joojiyo, wuxuuna taa beddelkeeda furay bakhaar yar oo gurigiisa ag yaal.
Kadib, booqasho uu ugu tagay qaraabada gobolka ayaa wax ka bedeshay noloshii Cali. Wuxuu la yaabay markuu arkay dhulkoodii oo ay ka buuxaan khudaar buuran.
"Waxaan helay xoogaa rajo ah," ayay yiraahdeen sayga iyo aabbaha laba dhalay, oo ku nool Lalpur, degmada Natore ee gobolka.
Cali waxa uu beeray geed qadhaadh iyo geed fican ah isla markii uu guriga yimid, waxaanu sheegay in uu gaday goosashadiisii ugu horaysay laba bilood ka dib.
Hadda, wuxuu samayn karaa 28,000 taka bishiiba hal acre oo dhul ah - uma baahna inuu ka fikiro inuu guriga ka tago si uu shaqo u helo.
"Uma maleynayo inaan aado dibadda sababtoo ah waxaan ku kasban karaa lacag caafimaad leh markaan guriga joogo," Cali ayaa yidhi. "Ma jiraan wax ka wanaagsan inaad lacag hesho iyo inaad qoyska la joogto."
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