Ka ilaalinta shinnida sunta cayayaanka ayaa si fudud u sii daysay Jaamacadda Gobolka Oregon ee abka casriga ah ee beeralayda iyo beeralayda ay isticmaali karaan si ay ula tashadaan daabacaad marka ay bannaanka joogaan.
App-ka casriga ah ayaa la socda Daabacaadda OSU Extension 2013, Sida Loo yareeyo Sunta Shinnida ee sunta cayayaanka, PNW 591.
Beeralayda iyo beeralayda shinnidu hadda waxay si fog ugala tashan karaan miisaska sunta cayayaanka ee daabacaadda ee telefoonadooda ama tablet-kooda. Hagaha caanka ah waxa uu taxayaa 150 suntan cayayaanka ah, fungicides, miticides, slug killer iyo carqaladeeyayaasha korriinka—dhammaantood hadda waxaa lagu raadin karaa magaca ganacsiga ama magaca kiimikada ee abka cusub.
"Waa duni casriga ah," ayuu yidhi qoraaga hormuudka u ah daabacaadda, Ramesh Sagili, cilmi-nafsi yaqaan iyo cilmi-baare shinni-kordhinta oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Gobolka Oregon Kuliyada Culuumta Beeraha.
"Daneeyayaashayadu waxay waydiisanayeen app si uu ula socdo daabacaadan, aad ayayna ugu faraxsan yihiin inaan hadda haysano."
"Sida loo yareeyo sunta shinida" ayaa markii ugu horeysay la daabacay 2006. Waxaa la balaariyay 2013 by qoraaga Louisa Hooven, khabiir ku taqasusay sunta iyo shinnida oo ku takhasusay kuliyada culuumta beeraha, oo si wayn u cusboonaysiiyay macluumaadka cayayaanka.
"Waxaan eegnay dalagyada ka baxa Waqooyi-galbeed," ayay tiri, "ka dibna dhammaan badeecooyinka laga yaabo in la isticmaalo marka dalagga uu ubaxo - taas oo ah marka shinnidu ay caleen doonto. Kuwaasi waxay ahaayeen sunta cayayaanka aan ku darnay.”
Alaabooyinka waxa loo kala soocaa saddex qaybood: sun aad u badan, sun ah iyo "bayaan ka hortag shinni ah oo sumadda laguma hayo." Qiimayntu waxay ku salaysan tahay taxaddarrada iyo xaddidaadaha ay u baahan tahay Wakaaladda Ilaalinta Deegaanka oo lagu taxay sumadaha alaabta, ayuu yidhi Hooven.
Intaa waxaa dheer, hagaha ayaa ku qiyaasaya "sumowga haraaga" dhowr ka mid ah alaabooyinka - taas oo ah, inta ay saameyntooda waxyeelladu ku sii jirto deegaanka. Macluumaadkaas, oo aan looga baahnayn EPA oo laga yaabo ama laga yaabo inaysan ku jirin calaamadda, waxay ka timid raadinta ballaaran ee Hooven iyada oo loo marayo dukumentiyada qiimeynta khatarta EPA iyo suugaanta sunta.
"Waxaa jiray xoogaa macluumaad ah oo ku saabsan sunta haraaga ah ee daabacaddii hore," ayay tiri. "Si aad ah ayaan u ballaarinay tirada alaabada, sidaas darteed waxaan ku darnay macluumaadka sunta haraaga ah ee alaabooyinkaas loo yaqaan, waxaanan cusbooneysiinay macluumaadka alaabta horeyba loo taxay."
Tilmaamuhu wuxuu ku talinayaa hababka ugu fiican ee lagu maareeyo codsiyada sunta cayayaanka si loo ilaaliyo dhammaan noocyada shinni-ma aha oo kaliya shinni malabka (Apis mellifera), laakiin shinni mason (Osmia lignaria), bees alkali (Nomia melanderi) iyo shinni caleenta alfalfa (Megachile rotundata). Noocyada shinnida ayaa sidoo kale loo maamulaa sida beeralayda pollinators.
Waxa kale oo ay sheegaysaa sida loo ilaaliyo noocyada dhulka u dhashay sida shinnida squash, shinni geesaha dheer, shinni dhididka, shinnida macdanta iyo bumblebees.
"Cayaanka sunta cayayaanka ayaa saameynaya noocyadan si ka duwan shinni malabka ama noocyada kale ee la maareeyo," ayuu yiri Hooven, "sababtoo ah waxay leeyihiin caadooyin nololeed oo kala duwan waxayna joogaan waqtiyo kala duwan."
Beeraha Galbeedka Xeebta waxay si aad ah ugu tiirsan yihiin cayayaanka wasakhaysan, ayay tidhi Sagili, oo wax qortay ama wax ka qortay. afar daabacaad oo kale oo Extension shinnida malabka.
"Dalagyada Galbeedka Dhexe, sida galleyda iyo soybeanka, uma baahna cayayaan si ay manka u soo saaraan," ayuu yidhi. "Laakin marka la eego dalagyadayada kala duwan, gaar ahaan geedahayada miraha ah, miraha iyo dalagyada abuur, runtii waan u baahanahay."
Beeralayda Oregon waxay maamulaan ilaa 70,000 oo shinni oo ganacsi ah, ayuu yidhi. Shinnidu waxay fasha ilaa 50 dalagga Oregon, oo ay ku jiraan blueberries, jeeriga, isteroberi, tufaax, dhir, caleen caleen ah iyo iniin khudradeed. Sagili waxa ay ku qiyaastay qiimaha dalagyadan in ka badan nus bilyan doolar sannadkii.
Ilaalinta ugu fiican ee shinnida, ayuu yidhi, waxay ku bilaabataa xidhiidhka wanaagsan ee ka dhexeeya beeraleyda iyo shinnida.
"Isticmaalka sunta cayayaanka iyo ilaalinta shinnidu maaha kuwo labada dhinac ah," ayuu yidhi. “Waxaa jirta hab isku dheeli tiran oo lagu xakameynayo cayayaanka loogana ilaalin karo shinnida, labadaba. Waxa aanu doonaynaa in hagahan uu noqdo qalab waxtar u leh beeralayda iyo shinida dhaqda si ay go’aano xog ogaal ah u wada gaadhaan.”
Daabacaada iyo abka la socda ayaa laga heli karaa Isgaadhsiinta Saldhigga Tijaabada iyo Fidinta OSU (EESC). Baadhitaanka isticmaalaha ayaa lagu soo daray, isticmaalayaasha waxa laga codsanayaa inay dhammaystiraan si ay EESC ugu hagto horumarinta mustaqbalka ee abka.
"Sida loo yareeyo Sunta Bee" waxaa si wadajir ah u soo saaray OSU, Jaamacadda Idaho iyo Jaamacadda Gobolka Washington. Kharashkeeda waxaa hoos u dhigay ururada beeyada ee Oregon, Idaho, Washington, iyo California, iyo Waaxda Beeraha ee Oregon.
- Gail Wells, Jaamacadda Gobolka Oregon
Xigasho: Jaamacadda Gobolka Oregon